Technical Flight Familiarization
Source: Airbus Safety First URL: https://safetyfirst.airbus.com/technical-flight-familiarization/ Published: 2010-02-14 Magazine Issue: 2010-02 Category: Archive PDF: Original PDF
Jean Michel ROY
Section titled “Jean Michel ROY”Test Pilot
1. Introduction
Section titled “1. Introduction”Airline pilots are trained to deliver safety, efficiency and comfort in line operations.
However, in addition to normal revenue flights, operators may perform technical flights following aircraft maintenance visits or major repairs.
Non-revenue flights after maintenance are only required by Airbus after very specific actions and if some items cannot be properly ground tested, to verify that the aircraft’s operational characteristics have not been adversely affected.
These technical flights require a different mindset compared to normal line operation.
To fill this need, Airbus has created the Technical Flight Familiarization course (TFF).
2. Sharing experience
Section titled “2. Sharing experience”Airbus’ Flight Test Division has developed over the years an expertise in aircraft flight testing. Beyond the development of new aircraft types, the test crews have to support the acceptance of hundreds of production aircraft each year.
During the acceptance phase, these crews take the aircraft to the limits of the flight envelope and validate the proper operation of aircraft, engines and systems.
They are made of test pilots and flight test engineers working together to check that the airplanes, released by the assembly lines, are ready to be delivered to the customers and to start line operations.
The goal of the TFF is to share expertise with the operators by training crews, selected by their airline, to safely perform technical flights.
3. Technical flight crews
Section titled “3. Technical flight crews”Technical flights necessitate technical flight crews made of: q Two pilots, qualified and current on the type (Airbus recommends at least 6 months experience).
q One technical flight engineer who may be:
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A third pilot qualified on the type. • A maintenance engineer, who has followed the maintenance type rating course.
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A flight operations engineer, who has followed an aircraft type familiarization course.
4. Presentation of the TFF
Section titled “4. Presentation of the TFF”The Technical Flight Familiarization course is available for the A320 family, A330, A340 and A380.
The TFF lasts 5 days and is divided into 3 phases:
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q Ground school
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q Full flight simulator training
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q Actual aircraft flight training
3.1. Ground school
Section titled “3.1. Ground school”This first part of the course lasts for 2 days and covers:
q The concept of Technical Flight Crew and the associated task sharing. q The preparation of a technical flight and the writing of a Technical Flight Order.
q The recording of in-flight parameters and the utilization of Airbus’ on-board Aircraft Integrated Data System (AIDS) and Central Maintenance System (CMS).
Safety
The course includes the following key aircraft checks: q Taxi
q Flight controls
q Pressurization
q Systems (fuel, electrical, hydraulic etc…)
q High speed
q Low speed
q Engine shutdown and relight
q Rejected take-off
3.2. Full flight simulator training
Section titled “3.2. Full flight simulator training”This phase includes 2 sessions lasting 4 hours each and includes training on:
q The key checks performed in normal operations.
q The knowledge, skills and attitude needed to deal with abnormal situations.
3.3. Actual aircraft flight training
Section titled “3.3. Actual aircraft flight training”This last phase of the course is made of a 4-hour-flight (2 hours per pilot) to allow trainees to perform normal operations checks in a real operating environment.
4. Conclusion
Section titled “4. Conclusion”During their flying careers, airline crews may have to perform technical flights for which they have never been prepared for. Technical flights require knowledge, skills and attitudes which are different from that required for normal revenue flights. This is why Airbus encourages operators to pay specific attention to this type of operations.
To fill this need for a specific technical flight training, Airbus created the Technical Flight Familiarization course.
The first TFF took place September 2009 in Toulouse, France with two airline Technical Flight Crews. The feedback was positive and the TFF course is now offered on a monthly basis.
Safety
Technical Flight Familiarization
Section titled “Technical Flight Familiarization”作者：Jean Michel ROY
职务：试飞员
航空公司飞行员经过培训，能够在航线运营中提供安全、高效和舒适的飞行服务。
然而，除了正常的商业航班外，运营人还可能在飞机维护检修或重大维修后执行技术飞行。
维护后的非商业飞行，仅在空客进行非常特定的操作后，且某些项目无法通过适当地面测试验证时才会要求执行，以确认飞机的运行特性未受到不利影响。
与正常航线运营相比，这些技术飞行需要不同的心态。
为满足这一需求，空客开发了技术飞行熟悉培训课程（TFF）。
2. 经验分享
Section titled “2. 经验分享”空客飞行试验部门经过多年发展，在飞机飞行试验领域积累了丰富的专业知识。除了新型飞机的研发工作外，试飞团队每年还需支持数百架生产型飞机的接收工作。
在接收阶段，这些团队将飞机飞至飞行包线的极限，验证飞机、发动机和系统的正常运行。
团队由试飞员和飞行试验工程师组成，共同检查总装线出厂的飞机是否已准备好交付客户并开始航线运营。
TFF的目标是通过培训由航空公司选派的机组人员安全执行技术飞行，与运营人分享专业知识。
3. 技术飞行机组
Section titled “3. 技术飞行机组”技术飞行需要由技术飞行机组执行，组成人员如下：
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两名飞行员，具备该机型的资质并保持近期飞行经验（空客建议至少6个月经验）。
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一名技术飞行工程师，可由以下人员担任：
- 具备该机型资质的第三名飞行员
- 维护工程师，需完成维护型别等级课程
- 飞行运营工程师，需完成飞机型别熟悉课程
4. TFF课程介绍
Section titled “4. TFF课程介绍”技术飞行熟悉培训课程面向A320系列、A330、A340和A380机型开设。
TFF课程为期5天，分为3个阶段：
- 理论学习
- 全动飞行模拟机训练
- 真机飞行训练
3.1 理论学习
Section titled “3.1 理论学习”课程第一部分为期2天，内容涵盖：
- 技术飞行机组概念及相关任务分工
- 技术飞行准备及技术飞行指令编写
- 飞行参数记录以及空客机载飞机集成数据系统（AIDS）和中央维护系统（CMS）的使用
安全
课程包含以下关键飞机检查项目：
- 滑行
- 飞行控制
- 增压
- 系统（燃油、电气、液压等）
- 高速检查
- 低速检查
- 发动机停车和重新点火
- 中断起飞
3.2 全动飞行模拟机训练
Section titled “3.2 全动飞行模拟机训练”该阶段包含2次训练，每次4小时，训练内容包括：
- 正常运营中的关键检查
- 处理非正常情况所需的知识、技能和态度
3.3 真机飞行训练
Section titled “3.3 真机飞行训练”课程最后阶段为4小时飞行（每位飞行员2小时），使学员能够在真实运行环境中执行正常运营检查。
在飞行生涯中，航空公司机组人员可能需要执行从未接受过相关准备的技术飞行。技术飞行所需的知识、技能和态度与正常商业航班不同。正因如此，空客鼓励运营人对这类运行给予特别关注。
为满足技术飞行专项培训的迫切需求，空客开发了技术飞行熟悉培训课程。
首次TFF课程于2009年9月在法国图卢兹举行，两家航空公司的技术飞行机组参加。反馈积极，TFF课程现已按月提供。
Safety